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The remarkable abundance and diversity of plant life in the tropical rain forest ensures that there is always plenty of food available for herbivorous animals. Because most vegetation is concentrated high up in the canopy, it is here that many of the forest's animals are to be found, some descending only rarely to the ground. Among the most numerous of these are primates, several species of which inhabit the rain forests of Ghana and Togo. These include monkeys such as the black and white colobus, the spot-nosed monkey, and the Diana monkey, as well as larger apes such as chimpanzees, and smaller primates such as bushbabies. Also living in the canopy are an enormous variety of birds such as hornbills, parrots, and turacos, some of which feed on plant matter. Others enjoy a diet of insects, which are exceptionally numerous in the rain forest.
The forest floor, although not home to as many species as the canopy, still has its share of interesting fauna. Hoofed mammals, including various types of duiker, reptiles such as the common hinged tortoise, and larger mammals such as the pygmy hippopotamus and forest elephant, are just a sample of the creatures to be found on the ground.
Where herbivores abound there will inevitably be carnivores to prey on them, and the west African rain forests are no exception. Leopards prowl on the ground and in the trees, Nile crocodiles lurk in the rivers and pools, and birds of prey soar overhead, carrying off rodents and small primates. The forests are complex ecosystems, delicately balanced with every animal and plant playing its own role in maintaining the equilibrium. From the smallest plants and the insects that pollinate them, to the carnivores right at the top of the food chain, nothing is dispensable.
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